There's nothing special about your task. It's just a simple download script.
Start here:

• Automate file transfers (or synchronization) to FTP server or SFTP server
  
• Schedule file transfers (or synchronization) to FTP/SFTP server
  

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For the custom port, just add :port to the session URL in the open command:

Hi all! I've been trying to find an existing script or automation solution for this task, and StackExchange has several cool answers from Martin Prikryl – so I thought to ask directly here instead:

What I have:

• SFTP server with custom port,
  
• login+password,
  
• exact path and filename pattern for the bits I want to download.
  

What I want:

• A Windows shell script that can be run weekly to log into that SFTP server and retrieve files that match the filename pattern.
  

Before I spend lots of time trying to build such a script myself, perhaps you've already used something like this and can point me in the right direction?